LASER WELDING OF DENTAL ALLOYS: A SYSTEMATIC OVERVIEW
Aim: The objective of this article is to review information on laser welding of dental alloys. Its rationale, design, advantages, and disadvantages have been reviewed and compared with the conventional techniques of joining dental alloys. Its effects on the commonly used dental alloys and its associated welding defects have also been discussed.
Materials and Methods: A broad search of the published literature was performed using Medline and pub med from 1960 to 2012. The key words used for the search were ‘laser welding’, ‘dental alloys’, ‘laser parameters’, ‘welding principle’ and ‘welding procedure’. It was observed that much of the research work was done from the year 2000 onwards. A hand search of textbooks, relevant articles, and manufacturers’ literature was also conducted.
Results: Within the limitations of the information obtained and systematically reviewed, it can be inferred that laser beam welding definitely outwits the conventional procedures of joining dental alloys. High precision, accuracy and productivity, reduced distortion, high mechanical strength of the weld joint, corrosion resistant weld joint are a few advantages of laser beam welding technique. The main drawback of laser welding includes its high investment, operating and maintenance costs. To overcome the minor drawbacks of laser welding, TIG welding has been introduced. It involves reduced investment costs, very compact dimensions, low weight, maintenance free and low operating costs.
Conclusion: A number of techniques are available for joining dental alloys; each having its own pros and cons. Laser welding still remains the recommended technique due to its precision and accuracy. Continuing research and development are resulting in newer technologies that can overcome the drawbacks of previous techniques. This will provide clinicians and technicians more options in the realm of adequate training and operator expertise.